Personal Statements on The Road Ahead

The experiences I have had in my life have taught me important virtues that have not only given me more strength and vigor to pursue my dreams but also to cherish and respect the family unit and those who live around us irrespective of their socio-economic status. On a personal and professional note I’m a passionate individual with strong organizational skills and a positive attitude towards academic research, project management and community based programs and take great pleasure in volunteer programs with the aim of improving situations as they are. Involving and interacting with pertinent issues that affect the well being of communities and ones that pose great challenges to the existence of human beings have enabled me to take a more positive and pragmatic approach to life. I have in turn become a more flexible and determined personality who views challenges and problems as opportunities to make a difference (Yammarino, 2002). Firstly the occurrence that took place in the year 2008 on the 12th of May practically changed my life and more so my personal opinion about interpersonal relationships and the fact that there is more to life than just living. In this particular year in question, a huge disaster happened which shocked the whole world. That is the 5.12-Wenchuan earthquake in China where millions of houses crashed down, and millions of people lost their dear lives. While I look into the news every day, it constantly pained me to learn that more and more people were found dead while at the same time developed a sense of hope with news about people who got found and rescued. In that year I had already planned to go back to China and visit relatives and friends. Instead I abandoned the plans to meet with friends and relatives and joined a self-organized volunteer team with a couple of my friends and went ahead to the disaster area of Sichuan Province. Upon arriving at city of Chengdu, we were sent to Beichuan, one of the disaster areas. Our team’s volunteer work was mainly based at the victims’ settlement areas. Our tasks were to handle and distribute the aid materials, and organize all kinds of activities for the victims. During the two weeks there, the primitive living conditions, the volunteer tasks and the fear of experiencing aftershocks were not the most difficult part, the hardest most challenging thing was how to encourage the disaster victims to walk out of their desperation and sadness, and look forward to their new lives. However my interaction with the victims and the strong faith they had in life deeply touched me and taught me to cherish life, and further take life challenges head on. My responsibility as a volunteer in the aftermath of the disaster made me experience things that I had never or would never experience in my life. I met people from all over the world, who were united for one reason, and that is to help people who lost their homelands and their loved ones. No matter how bad the environment was, or how tired we were everyday; as long as the victims were properly taken care of and felt the love and warmth of a family, we considered our task a success. I eventually left Beichuan after two weeks of volunteer work which was an experience of a life time and one that I will forever remember even though I didn’t spend really long time there. It elevated my life to a whole new level. For the first time, I really thought about life. I’ve come to the understanding that we should all cherish our lives, and live it meaningfully. Compared to what the disaster victims experienced, there are absolutely no reasons for me to give up on anything, there are also no reasons for us to not treat our family and friends with respect and love. With that in mind, I have to date worked hard to overcome the obstacles and challenges in life with a positive and optimistic mind, treasuring the times that I spend with my family and friends and become more determined and resilient in everything I do. References: Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J. (2002). Personal statement: The road ahead. San Diego, CA: Emerald

Energy and Environment - 1095 Words

Cover Letter I, Vineet Kr. Gupta, am completed M.Tech (Energy Environmental Management) from Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India. I wish to apply for the suitable position (Environment Management Division) in your organization in the thrust area of Environment Management. As a professional of Energy and Environmental Management, I am willing to pursue my career in the same field and hence seeking an opportunity to get a professional position in your esteemed organization. My course scheme is basically dealing in the Energy Conservation and Management and Energy from Waste. It also provides knowledge in the field of Environmental Management, Sustainable Industry, Aspect of Climate Change Energy Conservation and various laboratory†¦show more content†¦|Employment Experience | 1. Duration: July 2006 - June 2007 Place: Hydroair Techtonics Ltd. 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Case Study of Newton Organization Free-Samples for Students

Question: Provide an Analysis of Case 29 We Must Learn to Innovate from Cases and Exercises in Organization. Answer: Introduction Newton is a company whose core business is manufacturing of consumer-packaged goods. The company operates in the consumer mass market and its products ranges from food chains, pharmacies and chain drug stores. In order to remain successful, Newton endeavors to manufacture high volume, yet low profit items, which is possible through a reliance operational efficiency, reduction of errors and downtown. While Newton Innovation Team has been tasked with transforming the company culture towards creativity and innovation, the current Newton-centric culture that emphasize on hierarchical personnel structure remains the biggest hindrance to the desired vision of change. In the spirit of change, Richard, Newtons CEO, announced that the company had made a bold decision to divest a larger section of the business to Benson Company, a decision that did not auger well with the team members since it was made without consultation. With this announcement, the whole process of change was in disarray as the members felt excluded and many of them, like David, started resisting the proposed changes. This paper presents a case study report on the plan of action that the Lars Rogens Consulting Team needs to follow in order to guide the Newton Company into a successful cultural transformation process. Structure of the Report This report is divided into nine sections. The first section introduces the case and arising priority issues that need resolution. The second section provides an approach to organization diagnosis and feedback prior to adoption of change. The third section explores strategies that organizations can use to build commitment and readiness to change. The fourth section examines the appropriate leadership styles necessary for ensuring effective change management. The fifth section explores the nature of evaluations necessary for measuring the effectiveness and success of change. The sixth section provides a systems approach to change strategies. The seventh section looks at the ways that the organization can retain its capabilities through the change process. Finally, the conclusion provides a summary of recommendations for successfully implementing organization change. In order to accomplish the purpose of this report, a focus will be on identifying, collecting and analyzing academic resources. The report will depend on change management theories, models and tools to provide a concise and academic analysis of the case study and provide recommendations grounded in theory and academic research. Case Analysis Diagnosis and Feedback Change remains the scariest thing that employees and management face in their organization. However, with proper diagnostic tools and effective feedback, organizations can begin the change journey on a solid and stable foundation. Organizations need to embrace change if they hope to survive in the ever changing and competitive business environment. Hence, change is not only inevitable, but a very necessary process for remaining effective, competitive and sustainable in the future. The planning and implementation of the change processes is therefore vital to the modern organizations. It is important to consider organization diagnosis as a very important aspect of the change management and implementation process. Diagnosis refers the process of gathering relevant information and engaging in analysis to determine the underlying cause of the problem or the underlying change that the organization needs to prioritize (van Wart, 1994). Diagnosis provides an opportunity to learn about the current functioning of the organization and necessary information required for designing change interventions (Cummings Worley, 2014). Most organizations undertake diagnosis as the first significant step towards implementing broader cultural change. The organization diagnosis used in Newton Company was part of the change management process that sought to restructure the organization culture to make the company more creative and innovative in addressing customer needs. A conceptual framework is important towards attaining effective organization diagnosis. The conceptual framework provides guidance on all the activities that need to be incorporated in the diagnosis proces The report adopted a 5-phase conceptual model comprising symptoms, fact finding, establishing causes, analyzing alternatives and adopting the optimum solution. From this conceptual framework, the diagnosis focus is on the inputs, process or management (technology, strategy, human resource systems, and structure and measurement systems), organization culture and output. It is important to begin the diagnosis by examining the organization environment and its inputs. The organization environment entails the general and task environment, industry structure, enacted environment, rate of change and related complexity. Secondly, the innovation team must consider the design components or processes, including strategy, technology, structure, human resource systems and measurement systems. Thirdly, the innovation team must look at the current organization culture, including vision, mission and shared organization values, the norms, assumptions and values held by the organization members, the symbols and images of the organization, the work environment and the relations between the employees. The final component is the output, which represents the desired organization effectiveness indicated by organization performance, productivity and stakeholder satisfaction. The innovation team needs to identify a series of issues that represented the root cause of Newtons problems. Identifying the root causes of the problem will enable the Newtons innovation team to determine the causes of the discrepancy between the current and desired state. Moreover, it will be easy to ascertain the changes required to attain the culture of creativity and innovation. After determining the underlying cause, the innovation team should engage in a fact finding mission to link the identified symptoms to actual data. This entails examining the organization system to determine the cause of the current challenges. It is important to inform the employees about the process and the need for the diagnosis exercise. In the case of Newton, both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection will be effective. Three primary techniques will be ideal, including document analysis, survey instrument and structured interviews (Jung et al., 2009). Surveys are very important and effective tools for collecting quantitative and reliable data that can be used to conduct trend analysis of the organization practices and procedures (Cummings Worley, 2014). On the other hand, structured interviews will offer opportunities to unearth valuable subjective insights and experiential information that cannot be collected through the survey method (Cummings Worley, 2014). Lastly, document analysis will be important in gathering information about the recent history of the organization, such as mission, vision, goals, objectives, budgets, strategy and activity reports (Bowen, 2009). Feedback will be attained through weekly meetings with employees and management. in this way, it is possible to determine what is working or not working during the diagnostic phase. Meetings allow opportunities to raise issues and address them immediately. Building Commitment and Readiness Employee commitment, readiness and resistance or acceptance of change has been major areas of focus for studies focusing on organization culture changes. In an article on attitudes towards change, Bouckenooghe (2010) observes that over 90% of all the conceptual frameworks on organization change focus on readiness or resistance to change. Individual and employee readiness to change is a critical factor in the successful implementation of organization change (Suwaryo, Daryanto Maulana, 2015). Readiness for change refers to the beliefs, the intensions and attitudes concerning the extent to which changes are perceived necessary, needed and the capacity of the organization to implement the changes (Mierke Williamson, 2017). A number of believes have been fronted as key determinants of readiness to change, namely discrepancy and change self-efficacy (Armenakis, Harris Mossholder, 1993), appropriateness, principal support and valence (Armenakis, Harris Field, 2000) and change positive effect (Rafferty, Jimmieson Armenakis, 2013). In the case of Newton, there is a general feeling that the organization is not ready for change. While Larry appreciated the concept of innovativeness, he did not see the organization embracing and pulling off the idea of change. David, the head of marketing, and Lisa, the controller among others, held similar reservations. It is important to explore strategies for ensuring that there is commitment and readiness to change among the team members even before implementing the change process. Three strategies may be adopted to foster commitment and readiness for change at Newton Company, namely persuasive communication, active participation and managing external information (Armenakis Harris, 2002). Persuasive communication involves sharing information concerning prevailing discrepancy and efficacy. It communicates seriousness, commitment prioritization and the urgency of the proposed change efforts (Burke, Lake Paine, 2008). It makes sense for Newton CEO, Richard, and the lead consultant, Lars, to engage in oral and face-to-face communication with the team members to transmit information concerning the relevance and need of the proposed change. Oral and face-to-face meetings offer a personal focus, allow for multiple information cues and create room for immediate feedback (Lengel Daft, 1989). Hence, the meeting between the CEO and the senior management team, and the meetings between Lars and his team was critical in setting the scene and providing concise description of the need for change. Another strategy for fostering commitment and readiness to change is through managing of the external information. In the case of Newton Company, Richard made use of this by hiring an external team of consultants led by Lars, whose diagnostic report is important in adding credibility, confirmation and believability of the need for change (Burke, Lake Paine, 2008). Moreover, Richard can make use of press releases to the external media and circulating the relevant information about change to the employees and team members through distributing business books and articles with the intended change messages. Lastly, Newton Company can enhance commitment and readiness to change through fostering active participation. This strategy is important because individuals lay more trust and confidence in the information and opportunities that they discover themselves (Burke, Lake Paine, 2008). Instead of making strategic decisions alone, Richard could actively involve the team in strategic planning and sharing critical information so that they engage in discovering the discrepancy and need for change. Lars may also adopt enactive mastery to enable the employees to prepare for the huge cultural transformation through undertaking small successful steps. Resistance to change entails efforts by members to stick to the current state and block any effort to introduce new approaches. There are general attitudes of employees and organization members towards resistance to change, including cognitive, affective and behavioral resistance (Erwin Garman, 2010; Oreg, 2006). Resistance to change mainly arises due to self-interests, inadequate understanding, low tolerance to the change process, and different situational assessments (Lines, 2004). Other sources contributing to resistance to change include the fear of losing control, uncertainty, loosing face, surprise, additional work, concerns about the future competence, among others (Kanter, 2003). In Newton Company case, the main contributor to resistance was the high uncertainty about the future, the fear of losing control, the feeling that change is scary, unwanted and impossible, among others. A number of strategies are effective in managing and reducing resistance to change in Newton Company. First, it is important to foster active participation in the process of change. By sitting down all the team members in meetings and engaging active role-plays, Lars has better chances of instituting the desired transformation in the company culture (Fernandez Rainey, 2006). However, there is need to minimize surprises, provide a clear picture and regularly share information with the members, thus reducing the situation that Richard found himself in following withholding of key information from the members (Fernandez Rainey, 2006). Change Leadership In order to achieve successful change in organization culture, it is important to combine transformational and highly participatory leadership styles. Since Newton Company has been existing for over 133 years and has a solid and robust culture, it will be hard to achieve overnight change, thus requiring transformational leadership to drive the change process. Transformative leadership focuses on urgency while giving room for team members to be involved in crafting the desired future and sustainable changes. Transformational leaders display a range of behavioral characteristics, including inspirational motivation, idealized influence, individualized consideration and intellectual stimulation (Bass Avolio, 1993). Transformational leadership is necessary for building the required positive change attitudes in the Newton Company. This is mainly because of the nature of leadership, which allows room for sensing, sense-making, envisioning, visualizing, empowering, supporting and appreciating employees and team members. The transformational leadership style allows the integration of creative insight, energy, sensitivity and persistence enabling the leader to understand the needs and concerns of team members, building trust and purpose and enabling members to participate in resolving complex problems (Ashkanasy, Wilderom Peterson, 2000). Transformational leadership is effective in influencing the team members behaviors and attitudes through identification, commitment, self-efficacy and satisfaction with the envisioned change (Ashkanasy, Wilderom Peterson, 2000). Currently, Newton Company is highly saturated with negative attitudes and resistance towards the proposed cultural change. Research indicates that transformational leadership is the only effective style that has the potential to minimize the negative attitudes among employees towards change (Penava ehi?, 2014). Through motivation, idealized influence, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration of the needs of the members the transformational leader is able to guide the followers in challenging pre-existing notions, assumptions and negative attitudes towards change (Penava ehi?, 2014). Since Newton Company seeks to become more creative and innovative through a complete transformation in its culture, it is important to pursue transformational leadership as opposed to transactional, coercive, directive or autocratic leadership. Transformational leadership style builds on the assumption that people are purposeful and trustworthy and their unique contribution is critical to the attainment of the desired change. This style of leadership is critical to the success of Newton Company compared to the other styles because it emphasizes a sense of purpose and vision, facilitating, teaching and empowering others to take more responsibility and foster a culture of growth and creative change necessary for attaining the organizational objectives. Three contextual factors are important in determining the choice of leadership style and its effectiveness in attaining the desired change in Newton Company. First is the background and experience of the Lars, the lead consultant in the change process (Pawar Eastman, 1997). The success of the cultural change depends on the knowledge, ability, experience, ethics and values of Lars who is tasked with transforming the organization. Moreover, the personalities and background of Newton Company staff has a significant influence on the choice of the leadership style and the success of the change process (Pawar Eastman, 1997). Finally, Newtons organization culture comprising its deep rooted traditions, philosophies, values and concerns have a significant influence on leadership style just as the choice of leadership approach affects the culture (Pawar Eastman, 1997). In the case of Newton, culture has important role in areas such as retention and downsizing decisions. Interventions Cummings and Worley (2014) provided 3-stage criteria for determining effective interventions for organization change. These include the test of fitness to the organization needs, the causal relationship to the intended change objectives and the ability to transfer the capability and change management competence to the team members. To achieve a cultural change at the Newton Company, a number of interventions need to be undertaken. Three level of interventions should be undertaken, namely individual, group and organizational interventions. At the individual level, interventions should be undertaken to manage the human resources in the company. This entails managing employees through goal setting, performance appraisal, reward systems, training, coaching and mentoring, leadership and diversity interventions designed to support them to accept, embrace and go through the change process effectively. It is important to focus on individual level interventions to ensure that all employees are on board, to attain buy in and support and reduce employee resistance to the proposed cultural changes. At the group level, both human process and techno structural interventions are relevant. Human process interventions would be critical for ensuring success of Newton Company culture change through ensuring that employees engage in the consultation process, work together as a team, address emerging confrontations and establish strong in-group relations. This is critical because culture is a shared set of beliefs and values that can only be embraced and implemented through shared formulation and team effort. Lastly, the strategic interventions focus on the overall organization with the intend of ensuring smooth functioning of the organization in the entire environment. A change in culture is critical in transforming the strategic approach of the organization and positioning it for strategic and competitive advantage. Culture change entails redefining the purpose, mission and guiding principles to change the strategic direction of the organization and position it for creativity and innovativeness. Evaluations Evaluations are critical towards ascertaining the success or failure of any change initiative. Evaluations entail provision of feedback on the progress and impact of the implemented change interventions (Cummings Worley, 2014). Two types of evaluations will be conducted, namely during implementation and evaluations at the end of the implementation phase. Conducting evaluations during the implementation phase will be important in establishing periodic progress and addressing shortcomings whenever they arise. It will also be important to determine what is working and what is not working and institute the appropriate corrective measure whenever necessary. Periodic evaluations during implementation phase will be critical in understanding whether the small incremental changes are working and determining if the resulting culture is desirable. During evaluations, qualitative data can be collected through focus group discussions, which allows for in depth exploration of the issue of change through discussions. It is quick, efficient and can be useful in collecting important information of the change process. Nevertheless, it is difficult to analyze and compare responses. Evaluating the change process introduces the risk of exposure to organization failure. During the evaluation phase, the implementing team may come across issues that they had not considered, which may put the organization at a risk of failure. Nevertheless, evaluation creates opportunities to identify shortcomings and institute necessary changes. Moreover, it is easier to address challenges early own instead of going ahead and adopting a poor culture. Systems Approach Successful change of organization culture requires a system approach and understanding. The system approach asserts that the organization is a set of subsystems that interact to generate the desired change. the system approach argues that the organization exists in an environment and is made up of different systems and subsystems that are related and interconnected in such a way that changing one aspect has significant implications to the other system aspects. In addressing the culture change at Newton Company, it is important to consider and focus on the dynamics of the entire system, ranging from the environment and industry inputs to the design components, the current culture and the desired outcomes, instead of only focusing single factors such as the organization culture, human resource systems or structures. An analysis of the political, physical environment, economic, social, technological and legal systems within the broader environment is critical to gaining an understanding of influences to the organization and the proposed changes. The organization system approach will serve a critical role during the diagnostic phase because by focusing on every aspect of the subsystem and the different systems, and their relationships to each other, it will be easier to determine the range of issues and root problems underpinning the indentified symptoms. Moreover, the system approach will be critical in shaping and transforming the required interventions. a thorough understanding of the existing relationships between the subsystems will be critical in shaping and predicting the consequences and implications of any chosen intervention on the other subsystems and its impacts on the entire organization change. Consequently, the understanding and application of the systems theory will be critical in conducting an effective diagnostic analysis of Newton Company and implementing relevant change approaches and interventions that represents the entire organization. Organization Capabilities Newton Company enjoys strong focus on operational efficiency, elimination of errors and production downtime. These strong capabilities have enabled the organization to remain profitable. Even as a new culture of innovation and creativity is introduced, the organization should not compromise on its operational efficiencies. It is important to ensure cost effective analysis measures to ensure that the changes undertaken do not compromise on the operational efficiencies pioneered by the company. Another capability of the organization is the culture of family that is enshrined in treating people fairly and well. Even as the new culture changes are undertaken, it is important to retain the family culture that represents the heritage of the company. Consequently, it is important to support the employees to adopting to the change process without necessarily disturbing the culture of family. Layoffs and downsizing are factors that are likely to ruin the company family. Maintaining these capabilities requires adoption of an open process that is consultative and with goodwill to involve every member of the company. Conclusion In conclusion, this report has explored the theoretical background for implementing a culture change at Newton Company to attain a more creative and innovative approach. Bringing cultural change in the organization is complex process that requires careful consideration to ensure effective transformation to attain a competitive, creative and innovative organization. Problem diagnosis and feedback is important in ensuring that the organization addresses the root cause and involves all the stakeholders in reaching the decision to implement the desired change. There is a high resistance for culture change in Newton Company. There is need for the team to establish appropriate measures to attain commitment of the team and foster readiness for the change process. This can be attained through adopting transformational leadership to transform and influence existing attitudes, and implement relevant interventions and evaluations. Moreover, assuming a system approach will be critical in assumin g a holistic approach to the issue of culture change, hence ensuring adoption of an effective culture. References Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., Mossholder, K. W. (1993). Creating readiness for organizational change.Human relations,46(6), 681-703. Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., Feild, H. S. (2000). Making change permanent A model for institutionalizing change interventions. InResearch in organizational change and development(pp. 97-128). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G. (2002). Crafting a change message to create transformational readiness.Journal of organizational change management,15(2), 169-183. Ashkanasy, N. M., Wilderom, C. P., Peterson, M. F. (2000).Handbook of organizational culture and climate. Sage. Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture.Public administration quarterly, 112-121. Bouckenooghe, D. (2010). Positioning change recipients attitudes toward change in the organizational change literature.The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science,46(4), 500-531 Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method.Qualitative research journal,9(2), 27-40. Burke, W. W., Lake, D. G., Paine, J. W. (Eds.). (2008).Organization change: A comprehensive reader(Vol. 155). John Wiley Sons. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Erwin, D. G., Garman, A. N. (2010). Resistance to organizational change: linking research and practice.Leadership Organization Development Journal,31(1), 39-56 Fernandez, S., Rainey, H. G. (2006). Managing successful organizational change in the public sector.Public administration review,66(2), 168-176. Jung, T., Scott, T., Davies, H. T., Bower, P., Whalley, D., McNally, R., Mannion, R. (2009). Instruments for exploring organizational culture: A review of the literature.Public administration review,69(6), 1087-1096. Kanter, R. M. (2003).Challenge of organizational change: How companies experience it and leaders guide it. Simon and Schuster. Lengel, R. H., Daft, R. L. (1989). The selection of communication media as an executive skill.The Academy of Management Executive (1987-1989), 225-232. Lines, R. (2004). Influence of participation in strategic change: resistance, organizational commitment and change goal achievement.Journal of change management,4(3), 193-215 Mierke, J., Williamson, V. (2017). A Framework for Achieving Organizational Culture Change.Library Leadership Management,31(2):1-16 Oreg, S. (2006). Personality, context, and resistance to organizational change.European journal of work and organizational psychology,15(1), 73-101. Pawar, B. S., Eastman, K. K. (1997). The nature and implications of contextual influences on transformational leadership: A conceptual examination.Academy of Management Review,22(1), 80-109 Penava, S., ehi?, D. (2014). The relevance of transformational leadership in shaping employee attitudes towards organizational change.Economic Annals,59(200), 131-162. Rafferty, A. E., Jimmieson, N. L., Armenakis, A. A. (2013). Change readiness: A multilevel review.Journal of Management,39(1), 110-135 Suwaryo, J., Daryanto, H. K., Maulana, A. (2015). Organizational Culture Change and its Effect on Change Readiness through Organizational Commitment.Bisnis Birokrasi,22(1), 68-78 van Wart, M. (1994). Knowledge for Action: A Guide to Overcoming Barriers to Organizational Change.Public Administration Review,54(6), 577-579

Star Wars and Its Buzz Marketing Campaign Essay Example For Students

Star Wars and Its Buzz Marketing Campaign Essay According to Whats. Com: Naira marketing is any marketing technique that induces Web sites or users to pass on a marketing sages to other sites or users, creating a potentially exponential growth in the messages visibility and effect. Buzz marketing and word-of-mouth are often viewed as a better source than mass media and most other forms of advertising because the personal level Of consumer to consumer advertising lets satisfied consumers tell others how much they like a business, product, or service. For example, spoken communication, and web dialogue such as blobs, message boards, and emails can be considered forms of word of mouth advertising. New movies that are about to be exposed to the market often use his type of promotion and advertising. This strategy may consist of specialized movie screenings to specific crowds in order to get the word. Of. Mouth recommendations started. The recommendations are then spread to friends, family, and co-workers. Buzz campaigns are usually started for the release of big, blockbuster theater movies. We will write a custom essay on Star Wars and Its Buzz Marketing Campaign specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Technology has aided buzz marketers because they are able to deliver their messages easier and faster. The growth of the internet allows them to spread the word via means of websites, message boards, messaging programs, chat rooms, and blobs. All media campaigns make use of he ease of the internet why making sure their flow of word-of-mouth is circulating online before, during, and after the release of new blockbuster movies. However, the power of word-of-mouth has the ability to take less known and lightly financed movies into the categories of big name motion pictures. Buzz marketers are able create a sophisticated word-of-mouth campaign where consumers actually feel honored to be included in the small yet elite group of those who are well versed and willingly spread the word to their friends and colleagues. II. Movie Campaign A particularly famous movie that was much less known during its release during he sass is known as Star Wars. Specifically, Star Wars IV: A New Hope as it is now called was able to change its name because of the success the movie had. Writer and director George Lucas originally labeled the movie Star Wars because he had no plans to release other prequels and sequels. After the success of the movie, he had to differentiate it from his other releases and gave it the full name of Star Wars IV: A New Hope, As confusing as it may be, Star Wars IV: A New Hope is the first of six movies to be released but is fourth in the Star Wars saga. The movie was officially released in the United States on May 25th, 1977. The film industry of the late sass consisted of cynicism and serious movies. However, the daring release Of Star Wars had the courage to take on the current movie industry and typical Hollywood archetypes. Star Wars introduced everyone to a world Of myth, smarts, and humor. This new generation Of floggers was impressed with the action, special effects and plot of the movie. The plot which can be best summarized in a short summary found on Amid. Corn goes as follows: Part IV in a George Lucas epic, Star Wars: A New Hope opens with a rebel ship being boarded by the tyrannical Dearth Evader. The plot then follows the life of simple farm boy, Luke Jaywalker, as he and his newly met allies (Han Solo, Chewable, Ben Kenton, C-POP, RE. DO) attempt to rescue a rebel leader, Princess Leila, from the clutches of the Empire. The conclusion is culminated as the Rebels, including Jaywalker and flying ace Wedge Antilles make an attack on the Empires most powerful and ominous weapon, the Death Star, Star Wars is renowned for changing embanking forever because it was the first movie to define the term blockbuster. According to Wisped. Com a blockbuster movie is: Blockbuster, as applied to film or theater, is a very popular and/or momentarily successful reduction. The term was originally derived from theater slang referring to a particularly successful play; in film industry parlance it has come to refer to a film that earns an amount of revenue exceeding some threshold, The success of Star Wars did not happen overnight. As a matter of fact, the movie event through harsh times during production and was almost scratched This movie was entirely saved by the word-of-mouth advertising that began after it was released. George Lucas originally knew he wanted an outer-space setting for his movie and this classified as science fiction which was largely unpopular at the box Office during the late I gags. The science fiction genre was viewed as a genre that did not make money at the movies and this is the reason that United Artists and Universal Studios rejected the Star Wars project. The only company that approved the Lucas was 20th Century Fox, and even after approval they shunned the movie but allowed an original budget of To stay within his budget, Lucas founded his own visual and special effects company called Industrial Light and Magic. After production had begun, they were faced with even more problems. .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 , .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 .postImageUrl , .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 , .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4:hover , .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4:visited , .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4:active { border:0!important; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4:active , .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4 .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u510c3cef451ffc288e6063acb6dcb7b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marketing Research EssayBesides the fact of natural weather disasters at the filming action, the electronic equipment kept breaking down and props were malfunctioning, Regardless Of the smaller problems, large problems lay within the production crew themselves as they had little interest tort the film and did not care about the work getting completed. Most of them didnt take the film seriously and regarded it as a childs movie. Lucas special affect company used half of the given budget on only four shots that were not acceptable to the director. Despite the problems the movie faced, George Lucas pushed on to get it completed. The movie went over the due date given from 20th Century Box and need up with a budget estimated around $11,000,000. During the release offset Wars, there was little to no budget for any type of marketing strategy or promotion plan. The idea of a buzz campaign was not even an option because there was no money left in the project for these types of advertisements. Lucas hired a man named Charles Elliptical as the marketing director for Star Wars because 20th Century Box would not lend anymore funds for the movie. However, the corporation did offer licensing of t-shirts and posters if the movie was somehow successful. The movie was released on May 25th, 1977 cause it was pushed back to avoid competition from other summer films which Will be discussed later. After the movie was officially released, little to no theaters would order the movie and show it. This caused the big movie production company to step in and demand theaters to order Star Wars or else they would not be able to order other anticipated movies during the same year. The film immediately took off and became a huge hit at the theaters. This success was strongly influenced by the buzz that the film created and the word- of-mouth that followed. The 121 minute long movie was able to captivate audiences the second the film ended. The opening weekend was able to bring in $35. 9 million dollars and 20th Century Foxs stock price doubled too record high. According to Amid. Com: Before 1977, 20th Century Foxs greatest annual profits were in 1377, the company earned This huge jump was due to the success of Star Wars. It was a phenomenon that took off like nothing else, carried solely by word of mouth. Strangely enough, the movie was targeted at the entire family and not just males, This is interesting because according to a demographics chart on Impeder. Mom, out of 179,206 votes, 109,467 were males: The excitement and audience reaction was a huge surprise even to George Lucas, Who had spent four years shipping the script around the studios and racking up rejections and who only expected it would be seen by a few diehard science fiction fans. It was an even bigger surprise When the film became the then highest grossing film of all time. The strong opinions from crew, staff, critics, and even sometimes George himself that the movie would fail were immediately stifled. As a matter of fact George Lucas missed his own premiere to attend a vacation in Hawaii with his good friend Steven Spielberg. Star Wars was able to make the science fiction genre respectable and the genre entered a colossal mom where it became one of the highest box office earning trends, which is still apparent today. Star Wars went on to have an immensely large worldwide gross amount of $798 million and eventually won six Oscar. Star Wars broke many budget to gross profit ratios by being able to spend around an SSI million budget and to gross over $798 million. Ill. Competition The untimely release of Star Wars came amidst five other well expected movies for the summer of 1977. Although some of the expected movies did not have large budgets, they included famous actors and actresses, popular directors, and ere funded and promoted by large entertainment corporations. Most movies of 1977 did not surpass Star Wars in anyway but they posed threats during the release phase. One movie that came out in late April before Star Wars avgas Annie Hall. Annie Hall was a Woody Allen written and directed movie that was distributed by United Artists. The plot of the movie as according to Amid. Com is as follows: Romantic adventures of neurotic New York comedian Alva Singer and his equally neurotic girlfriend Annie Hall. The film traces the course of their relationship from their first meeting, and serves as an interesting historical comment about love in the sass. The film had a small budget around $4 million and grossed about $352 million. Although the film was not much Of a money maker, was a good screenplay that brought in a few Oscar for Woody Allen. The most notable Oscar was for the Best Picture in Which it beat Star Wars for that year. It was a well liked and anticipated film and one of the reasons why Star Wars release date was pushed back to avoid competition. .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b , .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b .postImageUrl , .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b , .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b:hover , .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b:visited , .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b:active { border:0!important; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b:active , .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0d059b7b6160c1770ee92e7460ed175b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Beowulf and Star Wars Comparison EssayAnother film that posed a threat for Star Wars and actually was scheduled to come to theaters around the same week as Star Wars was Smokey and the Bandit. This movie followed the ever popular action and comedy theme of the late sass. The film was directed by Hal Needled and cast the famous Burt Reynolds as the main star, universal Pictures produced and distributed the film and grossed $127 million. This Film was supposed to put Star Wars to shame when it was released but ironically, Star Wars stole the spot light away from the weekend premier of Smokey and the Bandit. Both of the movies were usually found playing back to back for a double feature at most drive-ins. Smokey and the Bandit was still successful because it was the second highest grossing film of 977, one spot behind Star Wars. It is interesting to know that this movie and its two sequels came out the same years Star Wars and its first two sequels came out which were in 1977, 1980, and 1983. Although this film was highly anticipated as a big summer hit, it followed the same concept that every movie was following during the late sass. This type Of behavior can be seen as safe yet repetitive in the market place because is almost guaranteed successful yet it is nothing new. When compared to Star Wars, Smokey and the Bandit was largely promoted and advertised with posters and trailers. This is an example of how important word- Of-mouth advertising is. The movie that used little to no advertising and promotion campaigns was able to come out as the top grossing film of the year due to its unique and exciting approach at the box office as well as its creation of a buzz which attracted all types of audiences to the theater. A Bridge Too Far was released on June 15th, 1977, just a few weeks after the release of Star Wars. The film was based on the book of the same title by Cornelius Ryan and was directed by Richard Attenuators. The movie captured the realism that was largely successful in movies of the late sass. The film allowed the drama, history, war, and action genres and was based on World War II, The film was not necessarily popular in the theaters, partially due to the release of Star Wars just a tee weeks prior. The film used the budget to an estimated $26 million and grossed only million. The plot as according to Amid. Mom: This WI film follows the perspectives of American, Polish and British soldiers attempting to capture key bridges behind German lines in a complicated parachute and armored assault. The film could have been more successful in the market if it wasnt for the attention and buzz that Star Wars avgas reading. Star Wars seemed to pull out all of the floggers from their homes and in to the theaters into a world that made most other movies during the time not as interesting or as fun. Part of the experience bewitching Star Wars was being able to let loose and actually feel connected to the movie. A fun and family oriented movie that was produced by Walt Disney Productions and released in mid-June was The Rescuers. Even though Disney films usually attract the entire family, the fame of Star Wars was still freshly lingering in the air. The buzz behind Star Wars was that it was a family movie as well, and that word- f-mouth made it down the lines and eventually hurt the sales of the Disney animation film. The film had a small budget Of only 51. 2 million and was able to produce a lifetime domestic gross of $71. 2 million over the years. Based on the numbers listed, that is a huge profit to make, but the amount of remakes and re. Mastered versions that Disney usually produces must be taken into account. The last of five movies that competed verse Star Wars during the summer months of 1977 was The Deep, This film was released June 1 7th, 1977 and directed by Peter Yates. It was distributed by Columbia Tristan and fell into the error and mystery genre, With an estimated budget around SYS million the movie had a domestic total gross to $47,346,365. Its widest release occurred during the opening weekend when it appeared at 731 theaters and was able to make $6,835,540. That is about 14. 4% of the total gross it made. The timing and environment surrounding the film did not help with sales or success. The environment was looking for something new and refreshing, something fun and exciting not scary and grim. The lack off well organized marketing strategy and almost non-existent word-of-mouth campaign led the movie to only mediocre IV_ Conclusion Star Wars has forged an original yet perfect mixture of myth, marketing and movie excitement to become one Of the biggest cultural phenomenon in movie history.

Case law has demonstrated the need for reform Essays

Case law has demonstrated the need for reform Essays Case law has demonstrated the need for reform Essay Case law has demonstrated the need for reform Essay Case jurisprudence has demonstrated the demand for reform when covering with keeping of rubric clauses. it is ill-defined whether such clauses create a alteration and necessitate enrollment or the simple concern demands of the marketer should predominate: Retention of Title ( ROT ) clause is used to protect the marketer from purchasers who do non pay for goods received. This is a clause for Sellerss to retrieve their goods if they do non pay, where the clause has to be within the footings and conditions of sale. They are besides known as Rompala Clauses after the instance ofAluminum Industrie Vassen BV V Rompala Aluminum Ltd [ 1976 ][ 1 ] . The chief job with ROT clauses is that when the marketer comes to implement them in many instances they are non upheld. The ROT must be expressly held in the footings and conditions and can non be implied like many clauses in gross revenues of goods, e.g. quality of goods or old traffics. The ROT must be expressly written in the footings of sale and can be every bit simple as the rubric of the goods does non go through on to the marketer until the goods are paid in full. The ROT is normally really elaborate and the tribunals construe them on a sentence to condemn footing to guarantee that the buyer ’s rights are non being adversely affected [ 2 ] . The ROT clause is non used in all industries because with perishable points because the goods are no longer of usage, whereas with big or expensive non-perishable points, such as autos or electronics an ROT clause is much more reasonable. This is normally seen in cases of hire-purchase understandings, where in stead of payment of good the company can repossess the sold goods. The ROT must be portion of the contract and hence follow the valid signifier of a contractual clause and must be a portion of a valid contract. Therefore the best path of action is to hold the purchaser to admit the clause and mark in verification of the clause, instead than holding it as a mere term and status that is available on petition and the purchaser neer sees the clause. It needs to be clear and express where both parties understand that if the goods are non paid in full so the marketer can retain the goods. [ 3 ] The job of ROT clauses is whether they can be upheld merely when follow the strict regulat ions refering whether they are express and the purchaser had certain cognition of their being and are determined just. [ 4 ] If they are determined to be valid so in the instance of insolvency they are the caput of the distribution concatenation as per the SOGA 1979 Part V, which was confirmed inBorden V Scottish Timber Mills [ 1981 ][ 5 ] . Besides there is the job with hire purchase and other goods where partial payment of the goods is made ; therefore how does this affect retaining the rubric.Clough Mill Ltd V Martin[ 6 ] stated that the rubric is retained against full payment and goods can be reclaimed. However, merely the goods can be reclaimed and non the net income or the money due to the devaluation of the goods, as per theRomalpa Case[ 7 ] ; nevertheless the Australian instance understands the unfairness of the purchaser doing money whilst non paying the marketer so in the instance ofAssociated Alloys Pty Ltd V CAN Pty Ltd[ 8 ] the returns from the goods was besides recycla ble. ROT clauses are used in transporting jurisprudence rather often when goods are being shipped to the purchaser, which seen under the measure of ladling. This is done through utilizing Section 19 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 ( SGA ) . This has caused jobs in when is the belongings the buyer’s and when it is the seller’s. This is so highlighted with hire purchase because the purchaser has the goods in their custodies ; nevertheless the rubric remains with the purchaser? The job with ROT clauses are highlighted with the call for reforms under Section 19 of the SGA. This indicates that the Sale of Goods Act 1979 and the jurisprudence environing ROT clauses need to be overhauled and made far more simple, this act was meant to replace the Sale of Goods Act 1893, nevertheless the commissariats of Section19 is confounding, as seen inAnderson V Havana Horse ( UK ) Ltd ( 30ThursdayJuly 1999 ); whereThe Buyerstated: â€Å"It was our old rhymer who, when accountably puting out the Gross saless of Goods Act 1893, stated that: ‘Property, you silly ass, base on ballss when it’s meant to pass’.†[ 9 ] The instances ofThe Alikamon[ 10 ] andThe Aramis[ 11 ] indicate that in majority transporting the utilizations of measures of laden are outdated in the electronic universe. Therefore the deductions that the devices used in subdivision 19 are outmoded and the job with spoting purpose reveals that there are jobs with the sale of goods. The measures of laden are a unsafe point for the marketer when they are sent to the purchaser to procure payment because the purchaser can obtain the goods without payment go forthing the marketer in a state of affairs to action [ 12 ] . This is really similar to the purchaser holding a auto on hire purchase, where is the security if payments stop merely actioning through tribunals for a auto that could be totaled or in disrepair may be the result. Keeping security against existent belongings makes a batch more sense because it can non be moved and it does non hold a guaranteed depreciation, as with autos and electronics equipment. There are serious jobs for any individual to action for specific public presentation or compensation if it is difficult to turn out purpose, because purpose is a important portion of any contract. If no coherent purpose is found so there is no contract and in this instance if these regulations were to be applied they may conflict the initial purposes of the purchaser and marketer, which will make a determination in favor of the purchaser or marketer and wholly travel against the original contract. In relation toCIFcontracts there are many troubles in finding whether the purchaser has and to what extent the right of rejection, or when the goods transportation has been paid for so the belongings passes to the purchaser and hence the marketer is obliged to finish the contract [ 13 ] . This in many ways indicates that the duties in majority and undiscoverable cargos seems to relay the duties on the purchaser and makes it really hard for the purchaser to reject the contract after a certain point in clip or Ac ts of the Apostless have been done. This has been considered in the inProctor A ; Gamble Philippines Mfg Corporation v Kurt A. Beecher GmbH A ; Co[ 14 ] which allows for the purchaser to claim amendss in state of affairss whereby the marketer has been deceitful ; therefore the purpose of the marketer was perverted. Along a similar vena it is easy to protect the marketer if the purchaser has deceitful purposes from the beginning because this is non merely covered under just redresss for breach of contract but besides under fraud. Therefore in relation toCIFandFobcontracts there is already confusion in the dealing, even if the purpose is clearly expressed. If one adds the state of affairs when purpose is non clear so this leads to a state of affairs whereby the tribunals have to make lucidity and perchance non come to a determination that signifies the original purpose. An illustration of such confusion was inThe Delfini[ 15 ] where the tribunal had to make up ones mind whether the measure of loaded played an of import function in the transportation of belongings, i.e. does its indorsement mean transportation or would one hold to use the regulations in subdivision 19 of the SGA? The tribunal decided that the indorsee could trust on this reading, which means this would â€Å"let a purchaser to even though he or she bought portion of a majority lading, or the marketer retained rubric, so that the belongings would non go through until after cargo or endorsement, provided there was the necessary nexus between consignment/indorsement and the passing of belongings[ 16 ].This determination is considered to be obiter and non case in point. Section 19 illustrates some of the jobs with ROT clauses, because either the purchaser has the rubric and the purchaser has non paid for all the goods and this makes it hard in actioning for the belongings back or payment ; even if the marketer retains the rubric on goods other than existent belongings their value may hold been greatly depreciated and the goods returned have a significantly less market value than they are supposed to at the clip. This seems unjust particularly with the instance ofLombard Tricity Finance V Maple Stores Plc[ 17 ] where it was besides held that the exchange of goods to settle a debt owed to a creditor that was bankrupt would be seen as a favorable solution by the tribunal. There are jobs with ROT clauses is that if the goods are non identifiable and traceable in their original signifier so the goods can non be reclaimed under the common jurisprudence [ 18 ] ; nevertheless under equity assorted goods can be reclaimed. [ 19 ] This is particularly the job with shipped goods as they go through a confusing concatenation of sale ; or goods bought on recognition. If the goods are bought on recognition so the company that finances the dealing should retain the rubric ; nevertheless this can be confounding particularly when recognition companies change custodies. Therefore this creates confusion under UK jurisprudence in regard to what goods can be reclaimed by the reseller because under common jurisprudence as opposed to just actions there is beliing case in points. This contradiction points towards a demand for there to be reform. Under the US, Canadian and New Zealand systems of jurisprudence they have set up statute system of ROT clauses, for illustrationAr ticle 9 of the Uniform Commercial Codein the USA. In the UK there is the added job ofArticle 220 of the Treaty of Romewhich subjects UK jurisprudence to the case in point of EU jurisprudence and the moves towards harmonisation of ROT clause throughout the EU [ 20 ] ; which at the minute points to enrollment of complex ROT clause ; nevertheless as with the Late Payments Directive Directive 2000/35 simple ROT’s are protected under community jurisprudence without indicant or enrollment. This means that harmonisation will be hard without rigorous judicial admissions of what is a simple ROT and what is a complex ROT? There are farther added jobs because more European states hold that goods are owned by the individual where they are situated and there is merely a fiscal duty [ 21 ] , unless it is registered as a ROT i.e. a mortgage/hire purchase [ 22 ] . There is a demand for reform particularly in regard to recent developments in security jurisprudence and the protection of involv ements, particularly in regard to recent alterations in insolvency jurisprudence. [ 23 ] This has been highlighted in Ireland’s 1989 Law Commission Report besides that common jurisprudence system’s need to be reformed to co-occur with a more statute system of jurisprudence otherwise the jurisprudence is a baffled muss [ 24 ] ; which is decidedly the instance when the assorted systems of jurisprudence in the EU attack ROT’s so otherwise. Bibliography: Beale, 2004,Reform of the Law of Security,Journal of International Banking and Financial Law 117 J. Beatson, 2005,Anson’s Law of Contract ( 28ThursdayEdition ), Oxford, Oxford University Press Michael Bridge,The International Sale of Goods–Law and Practice, 1999, Oxford, Oxford University Press Burton, 2005,A Summary of some Key Points in R3’s Response to the Law Commissions Proposals on Security Interests,21 IL and P 69 The Buyer, 1999 ( a ) ,On the Passing of Property,The Buyer 21.10 ( 1 ) The Buyer, 1999 ( B ) ,Export and Import Licenses,The Buyer 21.2 ( 7 ) Irish republic’s Law Commission, 1989,Report on Debt Collection and Retention of Title, Law Reform Commission G. McMeel, 2002,Book Review of The International Sale of Goods–Law and Practice,CLWR 31.1 ( 103 ) Rawlings, 2005, Recognition of Administration Proceedings Under EC Regulation,21 IL and P 159 S. Singleton, 1999,In Focus–Passing of Title and Risk,CLT 22.10 ( 9 ) W. Tetley, ( to be published 2007 )Marine Cargo Claims 4ThursdayEdition,Chapter 7: Sale of Goods–The Passing of Title and Risk–A Resume, can be found athypertext transfer protocol: //tetley.law.mcgill.ca/maritime/ch7.pdf Young, 2002,Protecting and Registering Company Charges and Other Securities Part 1 A ; Part 2,152 NLJ 1353 amp ; 152 NLJ 1389

Worked, Wrought and Overwrought

Worked, Wrought and Overwrought Worked, Wrought and Overwrought Worked, Wrought and Overwrought By Maeve Maddox Judging by comments and emails I receive whenever I write about the verb wreak, some English speakers believe that the past tense of wreak is wrought. That’s not the case. Wrought is an archaic past tense form of the verb work. Work and wreak derive from different Old English verbs: wyrcan (do, make) and wrecan (to avenge). Both work and wreak belong to a class of irregular verbs that have acquired regular -ed endings in modern English. If wreak had remained irregular, its forms would probably look like these: â€Å"wreak, wroke, (have) wroken.† The verb work has a modern -ed ending, but the old past tense wrought survives in a few contexts and idioms. Writing in the early 20th century, H. W. Fowler (Modern English Usage) commented on the fact that the past form of work was in a state of transition: The decline of the form wrought is so manifest, yet so far from complete, that it is impossible to say from year to year where idiom still requires it and where it is already archaic. In the 1965 edition, Gowers, changed â€Å"disappearance† to â€Å"decline,† perhaps because the old form continued to be used in the sense of done, made, fashioned, or brought about: The stage show is tight and well-wrought.- 1997 book about Jazz. The metaphorical movement of coming into that understanding is beautifully wrought with the use of a large black drapery that the congregation passes beneath as four of the dancers hold the corners.- 2013 opera review To see the changes Edward Snowden wrought, just look at your smartphone- 2014 headline. The reason that many speakers associate wrought with wreak may have to do with the fact that we have two idioms with the word havoc. A storm or other disaster â€Å"wreaks havoc,† but people and institutions can â€Å"work havoc.† The â€Å"works havoc† idiom is not as common as it was, but it is still found in recent use: Disability is damaging to one’s self-esteem. It works havoc with one’s relationships and can do irrevocable harm to an entire family’s life.- 1991 Congressional Record. In actual fact, the volume of such movements is fairly modest, but their public echo is deafening and works havoc in politics and the labour movement. 2006, Library of Economics and Liberty. It is as the past tense of work that wrought appears in an obituary of Margaret Thatcher: Saying it would take years to cure Britain of the havoc wrought by socialism, Mrs. Thatcher warned, â€Å"Things will get worse before they get better.† The adjective overwrought, on the other hand, does not mean the same thing as the adjective overworked. An â€Å"overworked employee† is one who does an excessive amount of work. Overworked can also be applied to nonhuman things to mean that they are being used to excess: †Unique† is one of the most overworked words in advertising. The phrase people are our most important resource has become a tired,  overworked cliche.   Gently massage overworked muscles, prompting nutrient-rich blood to flow through, replenishing them. The adjective overwrought can convey a sense of exhaustion from overwork, but overwrought describes the emotional agitation, impatience, and shortness of temper associated with exhaustion: According to a government survey, US workers feel overwrought and unproductive. The [employee] may be subject to verbal abuse by juveniles and will be required to remain calm in stressful situations involving agitated, irate or overwrought juveniles and family members. When AU administrator James Mooney polled professors about grade complaints, he was appalled to learn that some overwrought parents call professors directly to complain.   Applied to nonhuman entities, overwrought means â€Å"excessively elaborate or exaggerated.† Here are some examples of this use: [The instructor’s] supervisors at first supposed his overwrought language denoted a mental affliction. Overwrought descriptions  like these sap the power from the scene. The film  suffers  from an  overwrought narrative, with one melodramatic event after another. After a thousand years, wrought continues to enrich the language. It is not, however, the past tense of wreak. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two PeopleThe Many Forms of the Verb TO BEEpidemic vs. Pandemic vs. Endemic

Chemistry (Metallic glasses) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chemistry (Metallic glasses) - Term Paper Example In particular multicomponent metals, the phase transformation from super cooled liquid to crystalline phase is retarded by orders of 8 to 9. The high glass forming ability, castability, printability and unique characteristics of glassy alloys extend applications when compared to the conventional crystalline alloys. Table 1 gives examples of glassy alloys and when they were first reported. The highest glass forming ability is achieved at compositions near the multicomponent eutectic point with the lowest melting point and is evaluated based on thermal stability parameters of reduced glass transition interval of super cooled liquid region (Inoue, Wang and Zhang, 3). It is reported that the tensile strength of bulk glassy alloys is higher than that of crystalline alloys of the same young’s modulus whereas their young’s modulus is a third as high as crystalline alloys of the same tensile strength. Alloy systems are classified as ferrous and nonferrous (Table 3 and Table 1). The discovery and development of bulk glassy alloys were based on research on alloys that bore the three component rules for the stabilization of super cooled liquid. The first rule is the need for a multicomponent that consists of more than three elements. The second is components having atomic mismatches greater than 12% of the three elements, and the third is the negative heat of mixing among the three major components. An excellent linear relationship satisfying Hooks law has also been observed between tensile strength and young’s modulus (figure 3). The twist angle and shear stress has been found to be 3 times higher than for crystalline alloys. The bulk glassy alloys have high strength reflected by fatigue endurance limits after 107cycles ranging between 0.15 to 0.38 and dynamic durability (Inoue, Wang and Zhang, 4). The endurance of glassy alloys when used as machinery parts has been found

How are social relations expressed in consumption practices Use Essay

How are social relations expressed in consumption practices Use detailed ethnographic examples in your answer - Essay Example They get socially attached to other people by doing these activities. The understanding level of relation between consumption practices and social relationship is complex because it has become a very common part in the society. People do not bother to remember the experiences that are gained through real life activities. Acknowledgement is a powerful mode of communication and it creates positive relationship among human beings in society. Many anthropologists have observed the change in human nature from the past era to recent contemporary era. They share knowledge to the society regarding socio-culture, archaeology and biological anthropology based on the relevant observations. In the modern world, consumers not only make decisions based on service or product attributes but also based on several emotional elements, such as joy, anxiety, fear and feelings. This essay explains how social relations are expressed in consumption practices with the help of case-studies and ethnographic ex amples. In the modern world, it is believed that betterment of a society or country is directly proportional to the enhancement of consumption process. Though it might seem that it is only based on economic perspective but there are scenarios, where it has been observed that consumption processes have integrated the social relationship within human society. Human experiences are valuable and exchange of knowledge is possible only by communication processes. People communicate with each other in general contexts and it helps them to enhance their own knowledge and skills. For an example, according to Kabyle of Algeria in the ‘Outline of a Theory of Practice’ there is an important significance that provides the understanding of a social anthropological study. According to the study, social influence is imposed on an individual through education and socialization and is expressed through cultural practices, such as consumption (Barnard, 2001, p.570). Knowledge about anything is

Is China a Threat to Indian Industry Essay Example for Free

Is China a Threat to Indian Industry Essay Renewable energy has huge potential to provide solution to increase energy crisis and it is the key factor to the future of energy, food and economic security, said participants at a seminar organized by greentech and Bengal National Chamber of Commerce and Industry. We are a growing economy. So our energy requirement is also growing. But we dont produce enough energy to meet even our current needs. With depleting fossil fuel reserves and concerns about its environmental impact, renewable energy is the only long-term solution, said Bibek Bandhopadhyay, advisor at the ministry of new and renewable energy. At present, Indias installed power capacity is 2,10,645 MW with renewable energy contributing 26,900 MW or 12.4%. From various energy technologies, a capacity addition of about 30,000 MW has been planned during the 12th Plan period 2012-2017. The focus is now on mainstreaming renewable energy technologies so that it becomes cost-effective. Of this, 69% is generation from wind and 4.5% from solar. Incidentally, India was the first country to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources in the early 1980s. India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. Much of the country does not have an electric grid, so one of the first applications of solar power has been for water pumping, to begin replacing Indias 4-5 million diesel powered water pumps, each consuming about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting. Some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 sq km area of the Thar desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 GW. The Indian Solar Loan Programme, supported by the United Nations Environment Programme has won the prestigious Energy Globe World award for sustainability for helping to establish a consumer financing program for solar home power systems. Over the span of three years more than 16,000 solar home systems have been financed through 2,000 bank branches, particularly in rural areas of south India where there is no grid electricty. Launched in 2003, the Indian Solar Loan Programme was a four-year partnership between UNEP, the UNEP Risoe Centre, and the Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank. Announced in November 2009, the Government of India proposed to launch its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013 and up to 20,000 MW grid-based solar power, 2,000 MW of off-grid solar power and cover 20 million sq metres with collectors by the end of the final phase of the mission in 2020. Development of wind power in India began in the 1990s and has increased in recent years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US, domestic policy support for wind power has led India to become the country with the fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world. As of December 2010, the installed capacity of wind power in India was 13,065.37 MW, mainly spread across Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and West Bengal. Wind power accounts for 6% of Indias total installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the countrys power. Every year, about 55 million tonnes of municipal solid waste and 38 billion litres of sewage are generated in the urban areas of India. In addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are generated by industries. Waste generation in India is expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more people migrate to urban areas and as incomes increase, consumption levels are likely to rise, as are rates of waste generation. It is estimated that the amount of waste generated in India will increase at a per capita rate of approximately 1-1.33% annually. This has significant impacts on the amount of land that is and will be needed for disposal, economic costs of collecting and transporting waste, and the environmental consequences of increased MSW generation levels.

Barack Obama is A Leader And Entertainer Essay -- President Barack Oba

Entertainment is my first priority and without it life is a big bore. The first thing I look for in a politician is their ability to be entertaining. That is why my first choice for the democratic nomination and president is Barack Obama. He is loaded with charisma and is a pleasure to watch and listen to. The rest of the candidates could not hold my attention for more than five minutes no matter what they are talking about. American presidents are viewed as very powerful people but that is far from the truth, they are chained to those that put them in office. Before the president makes any major policy decision it has to meet the approval of others that are much more powerful. He is no more than just a messenger or figurehead. If I want to find out about our nation I will read the bus...

Srinivasa Ramanujan

Srinivasa Ramanujan Ramanujan was born in India to a poor family in Erode, a city in Madras state. His father was a clerk and his mother a deeply religious housewife. None of these facts reflect who Ramanujan really was. He was a brilliant, self-taught mathematician whose ideas caught the attention of some of the prolific mathematicians of his time to include G. H. Hardy. In this short biography we will cover both his life and his contributions to mathematics. As stated earlier, he was born in south India to a poor family but they were still respectable in the community.This gave Ramanujan the opportunity to attend school and begin learning elementary Mathematics. He was quickly realized as a truly brilliant student with most of his talent directed towards mathematics. Interestingly, his family would sometimes take in student boarders and one of them gave him a trigonometry text when he was twelve and he mastered it within a year. In 1903 he was awarded a scholarship to attend the Go vernment College at Kumbakonam. He spent all of his time studying mathematics and ended up failing his other subjects and lost his scholarship and dropped out.He married Janaki in 1909 and acquired a job as a clerk. While the position did not pay much it allowed him much time to concentrate on his research. Ramanujan went to Cambridge in 1914, despite the great strides he made in his work in corroboration Hardy and Littlewood it took a great toll on his body. Ramanujan, being devout to his religion did not eat meat and the lack of quality vegetarian food in England and his long working hours were hard on his body. In 1917, Ramanujan was hospitalized with what was thought to be tuberculosis.While continually working from his hospital bed, he did not show enough improvement to make the trip back to India until 1919. Even with the best medical care available in India, Ramanujan died on April 29, 1920 at the age of 32. Ramanujan’s genius in mathematics is still represented today. His impact on Number Theories, Modular Forms, Statistical Mechanics, and other branches of mathematics have made great contributions not only in math but also in physics and computer science. Ramanujan’s style and methods of mathematics developed from his earlier studies in trigonometry and Carr’s volume of theorems.In his own works, Ramanujan looked for such formulas or identities that he saw in Carr’s works. In his earlier work, when he found a formula or answer he felt to be true by his own mathematical intuition and therefore he provided few proofs for his results. In his works with Hardy, they made great progress in the theory of partitions. â€Å"The partition function p(n); is the function of a positive integer n which is a representation of n as a sum of strictly positive integers. Thus p(1)= 1, p(2)= 2, p(3)= 3, p(4)= 5 ,p(5)= 7, p(6)= 11. (Denbath 628) In some of his last work before his death, Ramanujan discovered what is now known as the Mock Theta Functions. Mock functions are q series with exponential singularities such that the arguments terminate for some power. Srinivasa Ramanujan was a man dedicated to mathematics and had a true love for it. He was also a man entrenched in his religion and a deep commitment to his family. He consistently wanted to improve the education in his community and showed much interest in the poor and orphans who needed help getting an education.With all of the accomplishments and accolades that are attached to his name the truth of who Ramanujan was as a mathematician and a person makes him truly a one of a kind person in history. Works Cited Watkins, Thayer. â€Å"Srinivasa Ramanujan, a Mathematician Beyond Compare. † San Jose University, n. d. Web. 19 November 2012. Debnath, Lokenath. â€Å"Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920) and the Theory of Partitiions of Numbers and Statistical Mechanics a Centennial Tribute. † J. Math. & Math & Sci. Vol. 10 No. 4 (1987): 625-640. Web. 19 Novemb er 2012.

A Patch of Blue Elizabeth Kata

In her novel, A Patch of Blue, Elizabeth Kata tells a story of Selina, an eighteen year old blind girl who meets and develops a relationship with Gordon, an older black man. Gordon helps Selina realize many hopes and dreams, though not without some drawbacks. One of the disadvantages of Selina and Gordon’s relationship is that he is able to withhold telling her about the colour of his skin. Selina hates black people because the only colour that she can see is black, and she has grown to despise it. Rose-Ann and Ole Pa also don’t like black people, and Selina has therefore grown up to believe that she too, should hate Negroes. For example, she meets a little girl named Pearl. Since Selina is blind, she has no way of knowing that Pearl is black. Ole Pa returns and tells Selina that Pearl was a black girl. Selina instantly thinks â€Å"Black! I hated Pearl. I had enough black in my life. † Selina was elated to have met Gordon however in turn her home life was made more difficult as a result of this friendship. Every day before Ole Pa would leave for ‘Mens’ she would ask him to take her to the park. More often than not, he would get angry and say no leaving Selina to think up some conniving way to get him to say yes. Being with Gordon was slowly teaching her to speak her mind and state her opinions. Rose-Ann seemed to feel that Selina was just a commodity who shouldn’t think or speak. Almost whenever Selina spoke Rose-Ann would cuff her for the ‘rudeness. ’ This made Selina more and more bold and the consequences got tougher for her to handle. At one point, Selina is so terrified of Rose-Ann rage that she hides under the bed. Rose-Ann drags her out screaming â€Å"Oh you slut. Oh you slut! † Selina is no slut. There are several advantages of Selina and Gordon’s friendship, the first being the many new experiences he gives her. Not all were positive experiences, but they were all exciting and new. Gordon gives her some pineapple juice, which she has never tasted before. Selina instantly loves the taste describing it as drinking â€Å"†¦beautiful fruity stuff from bottles†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They also go to Gordon’s apartment, which is where many new things happen for Selina. The first of these is her first taxi ride. In the beginning, she was scared, but was eventually coaxed into it by Gordon and she ends up thinking â€Å"I would have liked a longer drive. † They then go into the elevator up to his home, which also scares her and she ends up liking. Once in his apartment, Selina discovers that it contains carpet, which is something she had never dreamed could be in a place where you live. Secondly, Gordon promises Selina freedom by telling her that it is possible for her go to school. She would go to a school especially for the blind. This would remove her from her present home which is marred by neglect and abuse. Gordon will introduce Selina to Alice Bradden who is also blind, and has a seeing-eye dog named Duke. Going to school would allow Selina to use her brain to her full potential and to learn everything that she wants to know, not just what the radio tells her. The main advantage to Selina’s newfound friendship with Gordon becomes her favorite word: friend. Gordon gives Selina a couple of concrete gifts. One is a pair of sunglasses, to hide her face, which was disfigured by the acid. The other is a music box, which Selina does not need to see to be able to enjoy. Gordon Ralfe helps Selina build up her self esteem and confidence. He teaches her to like herself by instilling some self image. Selina falls in love with Gordon, and he grows to love her. Perhaps the greatest gift of all however is that of tolerance, his favorite word. Gordon teaches Selina to love everything, no matter what colour, shape, or size it is.

buy custom Proteins and Amino Acids essay

buy custom Proteins and Amino Acids essay Amino acids can be defined as compounds that are made up of two functional groups namely amino group (NH2) and the carboxylic group (COOH). Amino acids are characterized by the formation of very long chains through a chemical reaction. It is through the bonding of these long chains that produces proteins. The bond so formed is known as a peptide linkage and the specific protein properties are influenced by the nature and sequence of the amino acids in it (Marchuk, 1992). Amino acids are divided into two groups namely; essential and non-essential amino acids. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be supplied by food (Marchuk, 1992). They include isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Non-essential amino acids are those synthesized by the body from the essential amino acids or normal breakdown of proteins. They are arginine, alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine. Animal sources of proteins with the exception of gelatin contain all the essential amino acids and are therefore complete proteins. However, most plant proteins do not contain all the essential amino acids (Campbell, Mitchell, Reece, 1999). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is present in all cells and primarily creates encoded instructions for amino acids synthesis (Brenner, 2001). Two processes, namely; transcription and translation are involved. Transcription is characterized by the transfer of genetic information from the DNA to a similar molecule known as Ribonucleic acid (RNA). A messenger RNA contains information for synthesis of a protein. It migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm as it undergoes different types of maturation including splicing where the elimination of non-coding sequences is carried out. Translation takes place in the cytoplasm. Here, the mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which as a result reads the sequence of mRNA bases. A transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for assembling the protein, one amino acid at a time (Brenner, 2001). Protein assembly proceeds until when the stop codon is encountered. Buy custom Proteins and Amino Acids essay

Do You Need ACT Scores to Transfer Colleges A Guide

Do You Need ACT Scores to Transfer Colleges A Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the most complicated parts of transferring colleges is determining what the requirements are, especially when it comes to standardized tests. Unfortunately, there’s no simple answer to the question of whether you need to take the ACT as a transfer student, but this guide will walk you through how different schools policies vary and explain how much SAT and ACT scores count when applying as a transfer. Do You Need ACT Scores to Apply to College as a Transfer Student? The short answer is that it varies. What’s required of transfer applicants differsdepending on the school you’re interested in and how many credits you’ve completed so far. Generally speaking, the smaller and more selective the school and the fewer credits you’ve completed, the more likely it is that you’ll need to submit test scores. Most schools will also waive standardized testing requirements if you’ve been out of high school for more than five years or if taking the ACT represents an undue financial burden. To give you a sense of the range of policies, the following chart outlines the test score policies for a handful of schools.The far right column gives the number of credit hours (in semesters) above which any testing requirement is waived, and any other specific guidelines. School Requires ACTs Exceptions/Notes USC Yes More than 30 credit hours UT Austin No CU Boulder Yes More than 24 credit hours University of Illinois Yes More than 30 credit hours (but test scores are still recommended) Harvard Yes None University of California No Dartmouth Yes None Middlebury Yes Must send original high school scores Georgetown Yes At least5 years out of high school University of Washington Yes More than 40 transferable credits As you can see, schools' policies vary quite abit, so your best bet is to look up each school’s rulesabout whether transfer applicants need to submit standardized test scores. Figuring out how exactly to find that information can be a bit tricky, so here are some places to start: Look at the section of the website for transfer applicants. There might be a specific page about standardized scores; otherwise, try the application checklist or the FAQ page. Another approach is to search for â€Å"[your school] transfer ACT scores.† You may have to try a couple of the links before you find the information you need, however. If you're really having trouble, just call the admission office and ask! They'll be able to answer any questions you have about the transfer process. How Important Are ACT Scores As a Transfer Student? The other big question most students have about standardized tests is whether their scores count as muchfor transfer admissions as the do for freshmen ones. Happily, test scoresgenerally don't matter as much when you apply as a upperclassman transfer. ACT and SAT scores are used to predict college success. Since transfer students have proof of whether they can succeed in college in the form of their college transcripts, schools usuallycount SATs and ACTs less heavily than they do for freshman applicants. "If a student is transferring after one semester in college or a year, schools usually want the SAT [or ACT] and high school GPA, but the further away from high school, the less schools rely on them," college counselor Deborah Shames told US News. Again, though, the answer to this question is somewhat dependent on which schools you’re applying to- more competitive schools care more about test scores than less competitive ones. Meanwhile, if you’re transferringfromcommunity college, your school may have a guaranteed admission agreement with the local state university. The majority of these programs don’t require test scores, but some do. Further Reading If you have more questions about transferringcolleges, read our complete guide to the transfer process. Thinking about transferring, but not sure where you want to go? Use these college search sites to findthe school that's right for you. Or maybe you need help with another part of the application, like writing about extracurricularsor asking for recommendation letters. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Alex Heimbach About the Author Alex is an experienced tutor and writer. Over the past five years, she has worked with almost a hundred students and written about pop culture for a wide range of publications. She graduated with honors from University of Chicago, receiving a BA in English and Anthropology, and then went on to earn an MA at NYU in Cultural Reporting and Criticism. In high school, she was a National Merit Scholar, took 12 AP tests and scored 99 percentile scores on the SAT and ACT. 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